The Criminology of Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Criminology of Terrorism - Essay Example A soft target, according to terrorist conscious thinking, is an unarmed person or places, whose activities are predictable and thus easy to control and influence (Edwards, 2015). On the contrary, a hard target is a fully armed person or a heavily guarded place, and thus unpredictable because it is prepared to face any challenge brought along by intruders. Terrorist seems to have abandoned such hard targets, which include military bases, and governmental premises because they seem not to convey their intentions and makes it easy for their enemies to study and master their weapon technology and predict their moves. With soft targets, anyone and everyone is a victim. After a series of bombings and killings in megastructures, military bases, governmental buildings, and other highly rated places, people took refuge in hotels, shopping malls, and other social events. Little did they know that it could soon be an easy target? A good example is the Al-Shaabab, which attacked the Westgate Shopping Mall in Kenya last year and a local University this year, killing more than 200 people (Cruickshank, 2013). The latest issue of an Al Qaeda magazine in the Arabian Peninsula advocates the use of soft targets, because they are easy to attack, cause lot damage, and leave without being noticed (Goldstein, 2007). In their suggestion, they urged Jihadists to randomly shoot people in restaurants in Washington DC. Intensity o security by most governments on terrorist hard targets has forced them to change their strategies so that they can accomplish their mission amidst such difficulties. This has seen hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, social events; churches and mosques become easy targets because their acts happen swiftly. In return, they get the attention, while at the same time causing massive havoc in society.

Rule of Law - UK law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rule of Law - UK law - Essay Example This drawback was recently remedied substantially, albeit not completely, by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005.1 For instance, there is now a Supreme Court under Part 3 of the law which has taken over the judicial powers of the House of Lords which used to have appellate jurisdiction. Being then all under the Queen, the rule of law was said to be hinged on her sovereignty in the parliament which makes laws and on her sovereignty in the courts which interpret and apply the law. From within this ambit was derived the structure of the so-called twin foundations. While it is true that the duties and functions of the Queen are more ceremonial, there are still aspects over which she wields power which she may exercise at will. Important examples are her needed assent for the final enactment of a bill into law and her influence over the appointment of the Prime Minister and the other members of the cabinet because of the need for the Queen's formal consent. Although reduced in the course o f history, the supremacy of the monarchy can still be felt. As a matter of fact, there were, and still there are, moves to abolish it on the strong suggestions that it is inutile and hugely expensive.2 Some claim that a democratic standard republic will be a better and effective form.3 Another aspect in the United Kingdom government worth pondering is that it does not have a complete written set of codified laws and that includes its own constitution. Case laws which are actually compilations of decided or accepted jurisprudence have a lot to do in the law-making processes which are, ironically, borne out of judicial pronouncements. This means that what the courts resolved would become laws. Stated straightforwardly, therefore, the makers of the law interpret the law in the event of a controversy or in incidents where there are doubts in construing that particular law. Incidentally, with the new Constitutional Reform Act 2005, the new Supreme Court may be able to thresh out all the possible hitches. Since the high court started working only on October 1, 2009, a lot of patience is needed until the intended reforms are made effective slowly and gradually in the mainstream of justice administration. Along this line, it can be hoped in large part that the new law for constitutional reform will bring about positive changes.4 The twin foundations of the Queen's sovereignty During one of the deliberations of the constitutional reform bill, the Law Lords had the occasion to mention the ruling in X v Morgan Gramplan (Publishers) Ltd. which enunciated the principle that the rule of law in the United Kingdom is founded on both the Queen's sovereignty in the parliament which is charged with the enactment of laws and the Queen's sovereignty over judicial proceedings particularly those administered by the House of Lords in its duties anent appellate jurisdiction.5 It has always been debated if the somewhat irregular or abnormal circumstance contradicts the precepts on separation of powers. It is like taking exceptions on one person being the prosecutor, the judge and the executioner. The notion has a direct correlation with the

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Research Paper Topics in Automobile Engineering Reviews & Tips

Research Paper Topics in Automobile Engineering Reviews & Tips What You Don't Know About Research Paper Topics in Automobile Engineering Make using the suggested research paper topic ideas and you'll be prosperous. Before writing your proposal you have to do the next things. Writing an outstanding academic paper demands much time and effort, but if you keep organized and dedicated, you'll certainly execute the ideal way possible. Our professional writing team is available 24 hours per day online, and that means you are able to get your essay writing task completed in time, however short your deadline is. What Needs to be Done About Research Paper Topics in Automobile Engineering Fortunately, there are a couple of effective measures that may make any research paper in engineering shine. If you like science, you're guaranteed to talk non-stop about it. If you are fighting with engineering essays, VivaEssays offers the ideal solution. Engineering essays need a lot of resea rch. The Research Paper Topics in Automobile Engineering Stories The variety of gear ratios in a vehicle is dependent on a. The duration of a complete paper ought to be the minimum needed to describe and interpret the work clearly. Freshesworld is 1 stop solution to accomplish and achieve your objective. Also, you might discover that you've got to try several times before you discover the ideal combination of words for searching that resource. The Debate Over Research Paper Topics in Automobile Engineering If your dream is to invent devices which will help different men and women, you want to understand how much work you might have to do. There are hundreds and hundreds of good topics. If you're allowed to freely choose what things to write by yourself, utilize the chance to make something unique. This cost in 3000 Dollars a significant sum to pay in countries where folks earn as few as 10 dollars each month. A seasoned professional will make an error-free assignment ver y quickly and can help you boost your grades. The advertising research paper help experts we've got in team can help you in writing the ideal research paper and guiding with it essentially. Relevant work experience also is quite important. A superior expert advice is what may help in writing a nice research paper. Writing a research paper even though may appear challenging is a considerable portion of routine student life. It isn't important to us, whether you're too busy on the job concentrating on a passion undertaking, or simply tired of a seemingly infinite stream of assignments. In Italy the class work is based on five decades of training, but as a way to qualify as an Engineer you need to pass a state exam at the close of the training course. Essay on my preferred hobby in marathi. Of importance always select a topic which you like. You might discover some intriguing topics to pursue further. When selecting your research paper topic, you should make certain it is neither boring nor worn out. Picking a standard topic to write engineering essays can lower your odds of becoming good grades. Whenever you choose to ask us for expert aid, don't hesitate to get in touch with our support managers. So when the hiring company hasn't provided a salary for work, we look at salary data fro m related businesses and locations to think of a sensible estimate for what it is possible to count on. The most effective mechanical engineering degree is going to be one that suits your budget, timeframe, and career objectives. The exact same advancement opportunities aren't prevalent in the public sector. The Appeal of Research Paper Topics in Automobile Engineering It is possible to also secure different discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. Your hosting service will probably supply tools which will help you do this but furthermore, you've got the ability to use third party site companies if you would like. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, along with make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. If you are only prone to create a typical site then either Linux or Home home windows will likely be f ine. New Step by Step Roadmap for Research Paper Topics in Automobile Engineering Communication abilities have become increasingly vital as engineers interact more frequently with specialists, including attorneys, in a wide array of fields outside engineering. Your project is largely weighed on authenticity. Sound Shapes is the consequence of their four-year collaboration. Think on different different possibilities.

Who Else Is Lying to Us About Cause and Effect Research Essay Topics for College?

Who Else Is Lying to Us About Cause and Effect Research Essay Topics for College? Everything on the planet is interrelated. For college students, writing a cause and effect essay does require a good deal of thought and a specific amount of research skill, however, it doesn't need to be a tricky endeavor. Naturally, it may be any variety of factors. You will possibly fail the class. The Hidden Truth About Cause and Effect Research Essay Topics for College Data collection is an essential aspect in any degree of research work. The sphere of technology provides a fantastic assortment of ideas. Based on the researcher's research program and design, there are many ways data can be collected. Technology has plenty of aspects people wish to learn more about. What Cause and Effect Research Essay Topics for College Is - and What it Is Not It is vital to begin with a hook. Among the things you always should check for is how successful you've been in demonstrating the whole scope of the causes and effects of the issue. The block structure is most commonly used when trying to organize a shorter or less thorough essay, whereas the chain structure is beneficial whenever there is a need to relate the effect right to the cause. The explanations for why folks exercise and the psychological results. It's a fact that smoking gives a sense of pleasure. You won't fail to pull the eye of your readers by deciding to compose a technology-based cause and effect paper. Take your time to thoroughly examine our cause and effect topics list till you locate a prompt that you're excited to write about. For the reason, it's essential to be in a position to clearly recognize the reason and effect of any event, phenomenon or decision. There's always a reason behind every occasion. The 30-Second Trick for Cause and Effect Research Essay Topics for College No wonder you will discover some trending cause and effect essays in the area of academia. When you would like to create a good cause and effect essay for college, obtaining an engaging topic you need to understand you could have fun too! Before you commence working on cause and effect essay outline the very first thing you have to do is to select a winning topic. As students, you cannot avoid writing cause and effect essays sooner or later in time. If you have to observe a couple papers for inspiration, here are the absolute most prosperous cause and effect essay samples. If you've already figured out with the topic of the paper, it's the ideal moment to proceed. Bear in mind you ought to not just select the suitable topic but stick to the proper structure of the paper to make a high grading cause and effect work. Topics for cause and effect essay could possibly be variable, but the paper presupposes that the author should do a great deal of analyses and discover the root of the problem under review, the factors for it and the resultant outcomes. 1 school of thought believes that children who aren't occupied are more inclined to get into trouble. If you're searching for inspiration for your subject, you can discover ideas from the next list. Learn why Christmas trees became a sign of winter holidays. Students should focus on the way things relate to one another. Thus, the optimal manner is to hunt for a ready-made essay on the desirable topic. Additionally, you have to briefly characterize the overall point of the essay. As soon as you create the outline, you can be certain regarding the successful completion of the full essay. Topics for a cause and effect essay can be found on the internet, or you may brainstorm with a friend and see what you could work out but clearly, you could also find online suggestions on writing papers for college. The sort of the essay needs to be decided before formulating the thesis and writing thesis statement being they need to match the kind of the attempt. Cause and effect essays are among the simplest to write. Writing an informative essay needs a huge amount of further info and investigating to provide.

The Construction of Watts Bar Nuclear Plant Essay Example for Free

The Construction of Watts Bar Nuclear Plant Essay The Watts Bar Nuclear Plant (WBN) is operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), a government owned authority. The site is approximately ten miles south of Spring City, TN, approximately 1. 25 miles south of the Watts Bar Dam that it is named for, and on the west bank of the Tennessee River. There are two units, Unit 1 which is operational and Unit 2 which is unfinished. The Groundbreaking for Unit 1 took place in 1972, with major construction beginning in 1973 (TVA website). However Unit 1 did not begin commercial operation until 1996 – twenty-three years after major construction started and according to Munson (2002) at a cost of $7 billion – and Unit 2 has yet to be completed. Construction licenses for both units were awarded by the nuclear regulator of the time the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in 1973, and construction of both units was supended in 1985. Unit 1 construction was restarted in 1990 and the full power operating license was issued in 1996. Unit 2 remained only partially constructed until 2007 when TVA announced it would resume construction. Detailed information about the original tender, construction process, numbers of workers, time scales and original budgets is not available for Unit 1 as the project began in the early 1970s and the information is archived and not easily retrievable (Johnson, personal communication). However Unit 1 is typical of the reactors of its time so some general information is available. For example, in terms of the plant overall, figures from 1974 (Peterson, 2003) indicate that the construction of a typical nuclear plant required 40 metric tons (MT) of steel and 190 cubic meters (m3) of concrete per average megawatt of electricity (MW(e)) generating capacity. With a capacity of over 1000 MWe, figures for the construction of Unit 1 can be estimated as over 40,000 MT of steel, and 190,000 m3 of concrete. Due to the geologic features of the site (see below), it is reasonable to assume that the real figures were even higher. There is some information with regards the restart of construction for Unit 2. Reactors Both units are Westinghouse Four-loop Pressurized-Water Reactor (PWR), as shown in the figure below (TVA website) capable of electrical output of 1125 MWe. A four-loop Westinghouse plant has four steam generators, four reactor coolant pumps, and a Pressurizer. There are 193 fuel assemblies arranged in a 17 x 17 array inside a reactor vessel that has an internal diameter of 173 inches. The reactor vessel is constructed of a manganese molybdenum steel, and all surfaces that come into contact with reactor coolant are clad with stainless steel to increase corrosion resistance. The reactor coolant flows to the steam generator (USNRC, 2003). Typically, PWR containments typically consist of heavily steel-reinforced concrete cylinders ranging in thickness from 3. 5 feet to 4. 5 feet, capped by a hemispherical dome of steel-reinforced concrete. The cylinder is typically 140 feet high, with a 140-foot diameter. Reinforcement bars that form a cage within the concrete are typically Grade 60 #18 steel bars on 12-inch to 15-inch centers. A #18 rebar is two and one-quarter inches in diameter (ABS Consulting, 2002). Additional reinforcement may be called for depending on the results of the seismic survey undertaken for the site. This was the case for the Watts Bar reactors. The Final Safety Analysis Report for WBN (TVA 1991), reported that the plant is located in the Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachian Highlands, and the major geologic feature at the site is the Kingston thrust fault, which developed 250 million years ago. The fault has been inactive for many millions of years, and recurrence of movement is not expected. The fault lies to the northwest of the site area and is not involved in the foundation for any of the major plant structures. The SAR for the WBN states that it was designed based on the largest historic earthquake to occur in the Southern Appalachian Tectonic Province the 1897 Giles County, Virginia earthquake. This earthquake is estimated to have had a body wave magnitude of 5. 8. The Safe Shutdown Earthquake for the plant has been established as having a maximum horizontal acceleration of 0. 18 g and a simultaneous maximum vertical acceleration of 0. 12 g WBN Unit 2 Restart of Construction As Unit 2 is essentially identical to Unit 1, the scope of work for Unit 2 duplicates that of Unit 1 as much as possible with some additional scope for Unit 2 not included in the Unit 1 startup such as another cooling tower, transmission system, various upgrades and work completed since Unit 1 startup such as a process computer upgrade (Moll, 2007). Estimated cost of the project to complete startup is 2. 49 billion, over 54 months with commercial operation of the unit scheduled for early 2012 (Westinghouse, 2008). Moll reports that peak staffing is estimated at 2,300 craft and technical personnel. The project phases will include the Engineering and Analysis phase, which will include plant walk downs to establish the current condition of the plant, the engineering evaluations of program work and identification of design discrepancies. The second phase as outlined by Moll is the Design Production phase to correct identified deficiencies and design changes required to maintain consistency between units. The third phase is the implementation phase which will include the construction, the modifications required in supporting two units, the maintenance activities, testing, non-design repairs and clean up. Finally the Startup Test phase that will ensure the systems are capable of safe shutdown before the operations phase. Major Issues Affecting the Contruction of WBN Unit 1 Nuclear power reactors are regulated by federal and state laws to protect human health and the environment. These regulatory requirements are of paramount consideration in the construction of any nuclear facilities. Regulatory costs for the nuclear industry are a significant percentage of construction and on-going operating costs and as such regulatory considerations play a large role in dictating all aspects of the project from the chosen site to the reactor design to the management of on-going operations. The construction period of the Watts Bar reactors coincided with significant changes in the regulatory environment. The most significant nuclear regulatory authority in the US is United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC). The Watts Bar reactors were in the construction phase when the accidents occurred at Three Mile Island in 1979, and later, Chernobyl in 1986. Reaction to these events resulted in further and more stringent regulatory requirements. Environmental obligations have also become ever more important, and operators must also satisfy requirements for environmental impact statements. Construction of both units was suspended in 1985, primarily because numerous TVA staff made complaints that the construction process was inadequate and that there may be resulting safety risks (NRC, Safety Evaluation Report, 1995). On September 17, 1985 the NRC required TVA to address various deficiencies in its activities and TVA withdrew its certification that Unit 1 was ready to load fuel. The NRC Safety Evaluation Report notes the findings that there were significant problems in construction quality and quality assurance. Deficiencies in construction involved a number of systems and issues including the quality of welding and cabling. There were many staff concerns and complaints that also needed to be addressed. In the report the NRC itself recognises its own role in not providing sufficient regulatory oversight. The report notes the extensive corrective actions performed by TVA, which included a Nuclear Performance Plan to address material, design and programmatic deficiencies and included inspection and testing of the construction issues and programs to respond to staff concerns. Unit 1 construction was resumed in 1990. In terms of estimating and producing time lines for such a project, The Watts Bar example demonstrates that as well as being aware of industry codes and building standards it is crucial to understand the regulatory requirements for the relevant industry. Unforseen delays also need to be considered, as does whether risks of such are allocated to the contractor. If risks are allocated to the contractor, the risk of a long delay should be considered in the estimate. Some of this risk may be offset when components in a project can be worked on independently or concurrently with each other, rather than build components that need to be constructed sequentially. The Watts Bar Unit 1 reactor is a good example of unforseen events affecting the construction process (for example, discovery of the fault, the changes in the regulatory environment after the Three Mile Island accident in 1979). Although Unit 1 was on-line by September 11, 2001, security requirements for installations such as nuclear power stations were increased, and on-going construction projects for security sensitive projects were affected at that time. Changes to regulatory requirements, standards and codes need to be tracked for any project. Quality Assurance systems must be in place, and accounted for in the initial estimating process. References 1. TVA Website Watts Bar Nuclear Plant Retrieved April 3, 2008 from : http://www. tva. gov/power/nuclear/wattsbar. htm 2. Munson, Richard.The Electricity Journal, Vol:15, Issue:10, December 2002 pp76-80. 3. NRC, Partial Chronology WB Unit 2 (Table) (2007 August 23) Retrieved April 3, 2008 from: http://www. nrc. gov/reactors/plant-specific-items/watts-bar/watts-bar-partial-chronology. html 4. (Terry W Johnson, Communications, Tennessee Valley Authority, personal communication, April 5, 2008). 5. Peterson, F. â€Å"Will the United States Need a Second Geologic Repository? † The Bridge National Academy of Engineering Vol:33, No. 3, Fall 2003. 6. TVA Website (Figure of Reactor). Retrieved April 3 2008 from: http://www. tva. gov/sites/wattsbarnuc. htm# 7. USNRC Technical Training Center, Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Systems 2003. Retrieved April 7, 2008 from: http://www. nrc. gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/teachers/04. pdf 8. ABS Consulting and ANATECH, Aircraft Crash Impact Analyses Demonstrate Nuclear Power Plant’s Structural Strength, December 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2008 from: http://www. stpnoc. com/EPRI%20study. doc 9. The Final Safety Analysis Report for WBN (TVA 1991), excerpt retrieved from: http://www. hanford. gov/rl/uploadfiles/ea/ea1210/section4. htm

Perspective of Nick Carraway, Narrator of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald

Narrator's Perspective in The Great Gatsby  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Nick Carraway has a special place in this novel. He is not just one character among several, it is through his eyes and ears that we form our opinions of the other characters. Often, readers of this novel confuse Nick's stance towards those characters and the world he describes with those of F. Scott Fitzgerald's because the fictional world he has created closely resembles the world he himself experienced. But not every narrator is the voice of the author. Before considering the "gap" between author and narrator, we should remember how, as readers, we respond to the narrator's perspective, especially when that voice belongs to a character who, like Nick, is an active participant in the story.   When we read any work of fiction, no matter how realistic or fabulous, as readers, we undergo a "suspension of disbelief". The fictional world creates a new set of boundaries, making possible or credible events and reactions that might not commonly occur in the "real world", but which have a logic or a plausibility to them in that fictional world. In order for this to be convincing, we trust the narrator. We take on his perspective, if not totally, then substantially. He becomes our eyes and ears in this world and we have to see him as reliable if we are to proceed with the story's development.   In The Great Gatsby, Nick goes to some length to establish his credibility, indeed his moral integrity, in telling this story about this "great" man called Gatsby. He begins with a reflection on his own upbringing, quoting his father's words about Nick's "advantages", which we could assume were material but, he soon makes clear, were spiritual or moral advantages. Nick wants his reader to know that his upbringing gave him the moral fiber with which to withstand and pass judgment on an amoral world, such as the one he had observed the previous summer. He says, rather pompously, that as a consequence of such an upbringing, he is "inclined to reserve all judgments" about other people, but then goes on to say that such "tolerance . . . has a limit".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is the first sign that we can trust this narrator to give us an even-handed insight to the story that is about to unfold. But, as we later learn, he neither reserves all judgments nor does his tolerance reach its’ limit.