Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences Free Essays

string(75) " records in the first place \(artists such as Snoop Dogg, The Notorious B\." Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences, with reference to 50 cent’s Amusement Park, attempting to account for its popularity despite its sexist representations of women In this essay I shall be investigating the ways in which hip hop songs appeal to both male and female audiences, with specific reference to Amusement Park (released May 8, 2007) by 50 cent (real name Curtis Jackson), and its music video. I will attempt to account for the huge popularity of this artist, and others of the genre, despite the apparent sexism displayed in his songs. Firstly I shall look at how hip hop has gone from primarily an underground phenomenon to having mainstream status, as recounted by Bakari Kitwana (2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences or any similar topic only for you Order Now From when hip hop originated, it was always an alternate culture for black youngsters to turn to. During the late 1980s economic recession, many Americans were still living in poverty: unskilled workers faced poorer wages than before, resulting in a sense of alienation from mainstream America. Although they had achieved equality in legal status, there were still plenty of economic and social problems facing black youth. Not only was hip hop an artistic way of expressing and making public these issues, but also provided a sense of culture those less privileged. Concerns could be voiced through the medium of music and radio stations, which, although primarily were by and for black people, still very much of the white working class population, who were also facing similar problems and suffering from the same detachment from the mainstream. In the late 80s powerful black icons began emerging, such as Michael Jordan, Oprah Winfrey, and major bands like Public Enemy who produced ‘politically charged lyrics, criticism of the media, and active interest in the concerns of the African American community’1. It soon became hard for white audiences to ignore hip hop culture. The East-West coast feud between artists from either side of America, leading to the eventual murders of Tupac Shakur and the Notorious BIG also brought both urban issues and its music in to public light. Gangster rap was a predominant subgenre which was responsible for expressing shocking views (notably rap group N. You can read also Audience Adaptation Paper W. A. ‘s F*** tha police) and portraying the more violent and misogynistic side of hip hop culture. While it still receives a lot of backlash, hip hop has become increasingly mainstream and popular. One way to account for the popularity of â€Å"Amusement Park† is to look at the representations of women in the video on its own, and to draw conclusions from those alone. The girls are shown against a very minimalistic background, only with the â€Å"ride† which they are on. This puts the focus on to their bodies and faces, increasing our sense of their sexuality. Both the shots of the girls and their poses are explicitly constructed, as their poses are unnatural and staged. They often look directly in to the camera, suggesting an awareness of the audience’s voyeuristic perspective. A shot which specifically give a sense of degradation is one in which a girl is shot almost directly from above, her body twisted unnaturally on the ground, looking on command as the camera focuses on her. This appeals to the male audience by making them feel that the girl is putting out her sexuality for the benefit of the viewers i. e. he individual watcher. It might seem that this video is primarily aimed at males however; the huge success of 50 cent in the mainstream implies that his apparent misogyny is not only accepted but embraced by a large audience. One explanation would be to accept the belief of female sexuality being masochistic, and that the gratification a female gets from the video is that of relating herself to the girls in the video who are enjoying being a sexual object. However, French feminist Luce Irigaray questions the idea the traditional view of female sexuality: †¦ omen in the sexual imaginary of Western culture have always been a male fantasy; hence maschocism is something forced on women by culture, not a quality inherent within them. Thus, women don’t define their own sexuality, desire, or pleasure2. If we bear in mind the amount of competition that is around now in the hip hop industry and the selection of media now readily available, through the wide range of music channel, and the relatively recent development of the ability to watch music on sites such as youtube and yahoo, audience could be said to become more active in the way they choose and thus perceive their media. Taking Irigaray’s perspective, female audiences do not necessarily need to read the text in masochistic way, and this broadening of choice in their media allows them to take an alternate stance on such texts: that of a more active one. If this is the case however, it does not necessarily mean that female audiences reject Amusement Park, only that there is room to interpret the representations in a more ironic way and as I shall discuss later on, the text itself encourages this type of reading. The next issue I shall look at is the extent to which 50 cent is taken as a serious role model by his audiences. His background would imply that he is the stereotype of gangster: his mother gave birth to him at 15, was involved in cocaine dealing, and was murdered at the age of 23. 50 cent himself began dealing in crack/cocaine and taking guns to school. Before the release of his first album with Columbia Records, he survived being shot 9 times, including once in the mouth, which led to him being dropped by the record company. This would seem highly ironic, given that to a large extent the idea of an authentic gangster was what selling rap records in the first place (artists such as Snoop Dogg, The Notorious B. You read "Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences" in category "Papers" I. G and Tupac Shakur had a history of crime and drugs; and the murders of the latter two helped to bring hip hop in to mainstream media). It is interesting to ask whether it was the songs that consumers were buying and continue to do so, (his debut album, get rich or die tryin’ selling 12 million albums worldwide) or the now glamorised image of celebrity gangster which is currently present, despite the fact that he currently lives in an $18,500,000 Mansion. He himself admits to the fact that his image portrayed in his music is separate from him as a person: †¦ all the things I say are good, if you watch what I do. What I say on record is entertainment; but what I’m actually doing with my life and the things I’ve had the opportunity to do is what makes me inspiring3 Although evidently he has achieved a great deal for himself, in the media he rarely expresses himself personal side, and even has made attempts to reinforce his gangster image, and example being: I’ve been in situations where either it was me or somebody else, and I handled my business. 4 (2003) However, in the later interview he does deny any assumptions: †¦ people associate me with gun violence, when I was the one who got shot5 This suggest that Curtis himself does have an expectation that audiences will be able to distinguish between his image portrayed in the media, and the reality of his life, but does little to counteract the negative images. Is he also being naive in thinking that the audience will automatically realise this, and not model his violent and sexist lyrics? There is clearly some sort of awareness in public audiences, both black and white, as shown by findings by the Black Youth Project: Over half of youngsters between the ages of 15 – 25 strongly agree with the statement that â€Å"Rap music videos portray Black women in bad and offensive ways. 6 The huge success of 50 cent however, seems to contradict this, which would seem to imply that audiences are in fact able to separate this misogyny from the rapper himself. However, it could also be argued that this is merely a way of excusing such portrayals. Considering the artist’s earlier works, such as Get in my car containing t he lyrics â€Å"I got no pickup lines / I stay on the grind / I tell the hoes all the time / Bitch get in my car† and the highly pornographic music video for Disco Inferno, it is harder to take such things lightly. A widely quoted statistic is that 70% of hip hop consumers are in fact white. Although it is interesting to note that no accurate source has been cited for this statistic, hip hop is undeniably a prominent part of mainstream white music culture. Before, when the genre was a political move as much as it was a music genre, a chance for black underprivileged youth to voice their concerns for the culture, it was something that both black and white people could understand in relation to their own lives. The current state of hip hop is that we ‘look through the keyhole into a violent, sexy world of â€Å"money, ho’s and clothes†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ as described by Justin Ross (2007). This may be an accurate description of the way that audiences perceive such videos, given that 50 cent’s music refers to neither the real problems, past or present, of black culture, nor to the life which Curtis leads. It would also account for the general acceptance of these representations, if the audience is distanced from what is shown in the videos: issues of sexism and violence are far less relevant outside black urban society and it is therefore easier for a white consumer to take the videos solely as entertainment. It is also important to remember that while the majority of hip hop artists are black, it is predominantly marketed and controlled by a white industry, as Bakari describes (p46) in which the importance of an authentic representation of black culture is of little importance compared with supplying the public with texts which they will buy in to, as evidently the sex appeal of the videos is an important aspect. The next thing I shall look at is the level of awareness of the sexism in both the video itself, and the audience it is aimed at. There are many shots which suggest that the images in it, and the lyrics, are not entirely sincere. This is evident in the shots of the girl sitting on a bench next to 50 cent. Unlike the rest of the images, she is not highly glamorised, and her actions appear to be a lot more naturalistic than the others. She directly reacts to his lyrics, often looking away smiling, as though amused by what he is saying. The title of the song could also be referring to 50 cent himself as a celebrity figure: that both his image and his songs are merely an â€Å"amusement;† not to be taken as serious. This creates a sense of bathos juxtapositioned against the more professional looking shots, so that the female audience can relate more to the women shown. Although taking up a lot less time in the video than the glamorised ones, it creates a distance between the hyperreality of the rest of the video, and the ordinary more down to earth shots, so audiences see the video more objectively. The shots of the girl lying provocatively on the car bear even less relation to the lyrics than earlier in the video, being more reminiscent of a car commercial than a music video. The car itself is briefly but distinctly focused on, which makes reference to the importance of money and material values which are present in not only video, but the whole hip hop industry. This hints at the suggestion that both the girls and their representations are merely a product of this, and therefore are not in fact serious degradations of the women. In this shot we see a girl, while impressed; rolling her eyes at the artist at the lyrics â€Å"You know it’s no fun without the magic stick†. In this sense the girls are in fact the more active ones in the video, whilst 50 Cent mostly maintains his position as an entertainer. Instead of them covering the whole screen, two similar shots of the same girl are often slid in from either side against a plain black background, sometimes overlapping each other. Whilst in one sense emphasising the importance of the girls’ bodies, it also is highly self aware as product, as by seeing two separate views of one scene, it reminds us that it is a construction. Instead of taking itself too seriously, it makes explicit its intention of providing a sex appeal. A less prominent but important character in the video is the girl dancing acrobatically, and the only girl who is represented by her skill rather her sexuality – the camera barely focuses on her face. On the surface, she seems to represent an entertainer at a fair (the bright flashing lights help to anchor this meaning), but it is possible to decipher alternate readings of her: certain comparisons can be drawn between the actions of 50 Cent and herself. She and he are the first people we see in the video, and she appears immediately after the artist announces himself: â€Å"50† and â€Å"Ferrari F-50†. The setting she is in is almost identical to that of 50 Cent’s. At times her dance moves mirror the lyrics of his, for example at â€Å"You fear heights when I’m high hell yeah I go low†, she can be seen to do exactly this. In another shot she briefly does a boxing punch, followed by a similar view of 50 Cent looking macho. At the lyrics â€Å"yeah it’s like that† she mimes as though saying the words herself. In this sense she is the female counterpart to 50 Cent, and could be said to hold the power, in that she has little direct engagement with the audience, while Curtis has to explicitly put on an act to keep is position as an entertainer. This could allow women to from the perspective of her instead of the rapper, and thus 50 Cent himself becomes the object of the video instead of the subject. As previously discussed, the initial purpose of this media text is to sell 50 Cent’s music, and this is done by providing the audience with representations they are familiar with: a stereotypical ‘gangster’, highly sexed girls, and also to be considered is the artist’s own sex appeal. Firstly, the subject of the song itself is 50 cent inviting girls (the audience) to attend his â€Å"amusement park†, and the lyrics describe the activities available to those who go, thus partially placing him as the object of desire. He is shown later in the song without a shirt on, with lighting focused in such a way that highlights his muscular physique. An important issue is that of whether hip hop should be censored, else voluntarily toned down. In April 2007, a controversial incident occurred, involving Don Imus, the presenter of his radio show, which already had a reputation for its crude humour. In discussing a black female basketball team, he referred to the players as ‘nappy headed hos’. After floods of outraged complaints, his show was permanently removed from air, prompting wide discussion over the standards in the media, often with reference to hip hop. 0 Cent himself was involved in the subsequent discussion, but refused to agree to clean up his lyrics, using a politician involved in adult dating websites to make comparisons between standards in hip hop and that in supposedly higher society. While this may be true to some extent, it firstly does not provide a justification in itself; but also it is debatable as to how much of what he said was his own opinion and how many were prearranged arguments by his manag ers (in the video he can be seen grinning in long pauses after phrases such as â€Å"I personally believe†). On the subject of Master P, who made the decision to stop using sexist and violent lyrics, he replies â€Å"Well Master P doesn’t sell CDs anymore†7. From this, and other interviews where he has put the focus on that of entertainment, one could draw the conclusion that the artist in fact, as Amusement Park suggests, concerned with little other than the money involved in the business. In defence to his own lyrics, 50 Cent has also expressed his irritation of apparent double standards in the media, in reference to Britney Spears’ single ‘Gimme more’8 beginning with the lyrics ‘it’s Britney, bitch’. While it may appear to be merely a sore complaint, it is certainly valid to discuss the treatment of women in other areas of the media, and by women themselves. The music video of the song in question consists of Britney Spears, wearing little more than underwear, dancing round a poll in a seedy setting. Similarly, in ‘Dip it Low’ by Christina Milian, the artist is seen allowing herself to have black paint poured over her semi-clothed body, whilst a group of men stand at the side watching and jeering: the presentation of women apparent in male hip hop videos is not a unique one. In all aspects of the media girls are presented, more than anything, by their sexuality and appearance, which can be found in adverts in women’s magazines, stereotypes in film and television (a notable example being Desperate Housewives), car adverts, drink adverts. Although elevated within the genre, this representation could be described as a reflection of attitudes prevalent in both the media and in society and therefore not so shocking to audiences. Another issue described by an internet blogger9 is that by shutting sexism and violence portrayed in hip hop music, it is shutting off a fundamental way of keeping these issues in the eye of the public. He quotes that the leading killer of African Americans is homicide; and that males are five times more likely to be killed than their white counterparts. These issues will still exist even in the absence of offensive hip hop. While this certainly an interesting point, hip hop paradoxically glorifies the very things which it makes an issue of. While artists like 50 Cent may primarily be driven by selling as many records as possible, he still in one sense continues to represent issues which would otherwise be forgotten, if only in a postmodern way. Therefore, in order for hip hop to serve this purpose, it is essential that audiences neither directly embrace the values shown in the videos, nor take it as purely entertainment, as Amusement Park evidently does allow us to do. However, audiences could be said to be becoming increasingly desensitised to these things, with violent films and video games and the huge availability of pornography through the internet, which would make this reading more difficult to achieve. Whether or not the sexism and violence in hip hop is justified or not, if audiences were to take a more active role in their media, it would simultaneously prevent potential influence from such songs, and also make thorny issues in black society more accessible to deal with. How to cite Investigate the ways in which hip hop music appeals to male and female audiences, Papers

A Streetcar Named Desire Condeming Those Who Treat Others With Harshn Essay Example For Students

A Streetcar Named Desire: Condeming Those Who Treat Others With Harshn Essay ess andCrueltyA Streetcar Named Desire: Condeming Those Who Treat Others With Harshness andCrueltyOne of the main themes expressed by Tennessee Williams in his play, A StreetcarNamed Desire, is to condemn those who display cruelty and harshness in theirtreatment of others, especially those who are weak and vulnerable. Threecharacters who demonstrate these insensitive qualities are Blanche, Mitch, andStanley. Whether the cruelty is deliberate or not, it results in thedestruction of others, both physically and mentally. Blanche Dubois, the central victim of mistreatment in the play, was herself,dealing out her share of insensitivities during her younger days. When Blanchewas 16, she had a very handsome lover named Allan Gray. She was very much inlove with him and decided to marry him. But by total surprise one night,Blanche found her lover in bed with another man. She tried to pretend thatnothing had happened. However, she was unable to hold what she saw inside, andtold Allan I saw, I know, you disgust me( p.96). To Allan, Blanche seemed tobe a person who accepted him for who he was in a society where homosexuals arediscriminated against. What Blanche said completely devastated Allan and hefound no reason to continue living. Although Blanche had no intentions ofhurting Allan, enough damage was done to prompt Allan to shoot himself, his mindand body destroyed. The harsh treatment dealt by Mitch to Blanche near the end of the play isstrikingly similar to Blanches treatment of Allan Gray. Mitch is a friend ofStanleys whom Blanche falls for during her visit to New Orleans. Therelationship between Blanche and Mitch had been developing steadily. Bothcharacters felt the need to settle down in life and both saw the image ofmarriage at the outcome of their relationship. It did seem as though the imagewould become reality, until Stan interfered. Stan filled Mitchs mind withunfavourable stories of Blanches checkered past and the relationship quicklyturned sour. Mitch had not believed Stan at first, but when he receivedconfirmation of the truth to Stans accusations, he became heart-broken andenraged. Mitch goes to confront Blanche personally and accuses her of being aprostitute and lying to him. Mitch also says that Blanche is hiding something,as he has never seen her in broad daylight. He then tears the paper lantern offthe light bulb, representing a tearing away of Blanches shield from realism. Blanche admits to the accusations but reasons that she has changed her ways andnever did lie in her heart. Mitch appears to forgive her as he goes to kissBlanche. But in the midst of the embrace, Mitch blurts out, Youre not cleanenough to bring in the house with my mother (p121) This outrages Blanche, whokicks Mitch out of the house. Just as she was to Allan Gray, Mitch appeared tobe her salvation, but when Mitch exposes her vulnerability, she essentiallybecomes broken down mentally. While Mitch delivers the blow that mentally destroys Blanche, it is Stanley, hercruel brother-in-law who orchestrates Blanches downfall with no remorse. First,he digs up all the negatives from Blanches past and hints to Blanche that heknows stories about her, making Blanche feel scared and insecure. Then Stanleyproceeds to spread the news to Stella and Mitch, Blanches two closest people inthe play; One of whom (Mitch) , turns on her. Then, on Blanches birthday,Stan surprises Blanche with a presentbus tickets back to Laurel. The ticketsimply to Blanche that she has worn out her welcome, and makes her feel extremelyuncomfortable. After the incident with Mitch where Blanche becomes mentally andemotionally battered, Stan comes to inflict more damage to her. Stan, knowingthat Blanche would be making up stories about her supposed lovers (ShepHuntleigh) to salvage her pride, pretend to play along with the charade. Heasks peculiar questions that force Blanche to a point where she could no lo ngerkeep up her act. Then, to deliver the ultimate insult to Blanche, Stanleybrutally rapes her, causing Blanche to go insane, totally destroying her. .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 , .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 .postImageUrl , .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 , .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448:hover , .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448:visited , .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448:active { border:0!important; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448:active , .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448 .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u99a3e709ef67325a93d6ca6835d2c448:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Educational Psychology EssayAs shown, vulnerable people who are victims of vicious and cruel treatment feelincredible pain inside and outside when abused. Their minds are like time bombs,ready to go off when the pain becomes unbearable. Unfortunately, there are toomany insensitive people around who fail to see their cruel nature in treatingpeople. Until things change, society can not be deemed a safe place for thevulnerable and fragile.

Nora in A Doll’s House Essay Example

Nora in A Doll’s House Paper The rapid change in the character of Nora in A Doll’s House, between Acts 1 and 2, and Act 3 have been noted as â€Å"startling† by critics, however the believability of this transformation has been argued. Looking at it from a Realist perspective, Nora’s final words of â€Å"I’ve stopped believing in miracles,† apparently seems to prove that her characterization in Act 3 is in itself unbelievable. However, when analyzing the text it becomes evident that her change in character only seems sudden from Torvald’s perspective, and that there is in fact subtle dramatic irony within Acts 1 and 2 foreshadowing this transformation. Throughout the play Ibsen shows Nora’s gradual development into a more determined and self-assured woman. This character development is guided and made evident through her growing courage and direct attempts to become more equal to Torvald. Her serious tone at the end of the play is also diminished by her contrastin g childish actions within Act 3, shown primarily through her final act of door slamming. Throughout Acts 1 and 2, Nora’s develops to be increasingly more courageous, firstly shown through her demanding Torvald to hire Mrs. Linde, which contrasts to her previous stating that â€Å"[she] should not think of going against your wishes]† suggesting a foreshadowing an ongoing change within her character. Due to the form being a play and therefore the lack of descriptive settings, it is the character’s actions and their contact with the objects that surround them that defines them. For example, at certain moments in the play Nora â€Å"moves towards stove,† and it is argued that these action convey her need for emotional warmth. In Act 1, when Nora expresses her sweet tooth by sneakily eating the macaroons, it shows Nora is deceitful and manipulative from the start, and thus her â€Å"sudden† transformation into a woman who can tell her husband to â€Å"stop† and â€Å"listen to me,† has in fact previously been suggested to. It i s also hinted that Nora acquires an idealistic intention; to become an equal to her husband. She states that â€Å"last winter I was lucky enough to get a lot of copying to do; so I locked myself up and sat writing all evening until quite late at night it was a tremendous pleasure to sit there working and earning money. It was like being a man.† The use of the verb â€Å"locked,† suggests entrapment, and her desire to be like man and to earn money and work thus shows her unhappiness with her own life. This is further proven by the adverb â€Å"enough,† which sarcastically suggests woman having a set and concrete place in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Nora in A Doll’s House specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nora in A Doll’s House specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nora in A Doll’s House specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Throughout Act 3, Nora’s transformation and â€Å"new† serious tone is also diminished and made to seem less extreme through her use of action. As mentioned before, due to the text type, the actions of the character become extremely important to their characterization. Nora leaves the stage on a serious note of â€Å"I’ve stopped believing in miracles,† completely contrasting to her first lines to Torvald of â€Å"Yes, Torvald, we may be a wee bit more reckless now, maynt we? Just a tiny wee bit! You are going to have a big salary and earn lots and lots of money.† The harshness of the word â€Å"stopped† contrasts to the smoothness and removal of harsh consonants in â€Å"mayn’t we,† and together with the idiomatic expressions such as â€Å"wee† and the repetitions of â€Å"lots and lots,† shows that her dialogue undergoes a dramatic shift in tone, however it is Nora’s actions during act 3 which prove that N ora still carry’s through her childish mechanisms. For example, upon leaving the set, Nora â€Å"slams† the door suggesting that nothing she had said needed to be taken seriously as slamming has the effect of showing Nora is still childish and also ends the play on a more humorous note. Nora evidentially portrays different personalities depending on the character she is interacting with, creating doubt in the audience’s mind to if they ever have, during acts 1 and 2, had the privilege of meeting Nora’s true self. Even in her more serious roles; when in the company of Doctor Rank, Nora engages in rather childish activities. It is ironic that she herself has been labeled as a doll and yet repetitively plays with the Doctor by continually asking him to look at her stockings, all in an attempt to see how strong her hold over him is. This lack of a completely serious character in Acts 1 and 2 again hint that there are underlying, still childish characteristics to Nora in Act 3. Throughout the different personalities she plays out, she continuously takes them to the extreme, shown through her repetitive use of the language of absolutes as in â€Å"tore everything apart,† and â€Å"understand myself and everything about [her].† The reader is thu s not surprised that when Nora starts to play a serious role with Torvald, she takes it to an extreme. In fact, the audience is expecting it. Throughout Acts 1 and 2, Nora’s serious side is often hinted at as she becomes increasingly courageous, and it is often hinted that she is unhappy with her current stance in life – thus foreshadowing that an inevitable change will occur for her. Though her sudden serious use of speech occurs in Act 3, her childish and still foolish actions suggest that she is yet again merely playing a part, however playing it to an extreme, which was previously foreshadowed by her repetitive use of the language of absolutes. Throughout her characterization, dramatic irony was created through the audience’s knowledge of her rapid and fluid change in personalities, depending on the character she was interacting with. It therefore comes as no surprise when Nora stops â€Å"believing in miracles† and starts taking on yet another persona, thus making her characterization in Act 3 completely believable.

Free Essays on Mars

Mars The planet Mars is nicknamed the god of war. The Planet probably got its name from its red color, Mars is sometimes called the red planet. Mars’ orbit is significant because it is elliptical. Mars average temperature is about -55C and at the winter poles it is almost about 27 C. There are four major land forms on Mars. Olympus Mons is the largest mountain in the solar system rising 24 km above the surrounding plain. Its plain is more than 500 km in diameter and is rimmed by a cliff 6 km high. Tharsis is a huge bulge on the Martian surface that is about 4000 km across and 10 km high. Valles Marineris is a system of canyons 4000 km long and from 2 to 7 km deep. Hellas Planita is an impact crater in the southern hemisphere over 6 km deep and 2000 km in diameter. Most of the Martian surface is very old and scattered, but there are many other valleys, ridges, hills and plains. The most likely contrast of the sun is that its dense core is about 1700km in radius, a molten rocky mantle a little denser than the earth’s and a thin crust. With Mars relatively low density compared to the other planets its appears that its core probably contains a relatively large fraction of sulfur in addition to iron. Mars also appears to lack active plate tectonics . Having no lateral plate motion, hot spots under the crust stay in a fixed position relative to the surface. There is no evidence of volcanic activity on the planet Mars. There lots of erosion and small floods that happen on Mars. There is other possibilities of other fluids besides water on planet Mars . The age of erosion channels is estimated to be about nearly 4 billion years. Doing to Mar’s plate tectonics it is not able to recycle any of this carbon dioxide back into its atmosphere and so cannot sustain a significant green house effect. The surface of Mars is colder than the earth would be at that distance of the sun. It has a thin atmosphere composed of tiny amount of Ca... Free Essays on Mars Free Essays on Mars Mars The planet Mars is nicknamed the god of war. The Planet probably got its name from its red color, Mars is sometimes called the red planet. Mars’ orbit is significant because it is elliptical. Mars average temperature is about -55C and at the winter poles it is almost about 27 C. There are four major land forms on Mars. Olympus Mons is the largest mountain in the solar system rising 24 km above the surrounding plain. Its plain is more than 500 km in diameter and is rimmed by a cliff 6 km high. Tharsis is a huge bulge on the Martian surface that is about 4000 km across and 10 km high. Valles Marineris is a system of canyons 4000 km long and from 2 to 7 km deep. Hellas Planita is an impact crater in the southern hemisphere over 6 km deep and 2000 km in diameter. Most of the Martian surface is very old and scattered, but there are many other valleys, ridges, hills and plains. The most likely contrast of the sun is that its dense core is about 1700km in radius, a molten rocky mantle a little denser than the earth’s and a thin crust. With Mars relatively low density compared to the other planets its appears that its core probably contains a relatively large fraction of sulfur in addition to iron. Mars also appears to lack active plate tectonics . Having no lateral plate motion, hot spots under the crust stay in a fixed position relative to the surface. There is no evidence of volcanic activity on the planet Mars. There lots of erosion and small floods that happen on Mars. There is other possibilities of other fluids besides water on planet Mars . The age of erosion channels is estimated to be about nearly 4 billion years. Doing to Mar’s plate tectonics it is not able to recycle any of this carbon dioxide back into its atmosphere and so cannot sustain a significant green house effect. The surface of Mars is colder than the earth would be at that distance of the sun. It has a thin atmosphere composed of tiny amount of Ca...

What are the key differences between the two major political parties Essay

What are the key differences between the two major political parties Democratic Party vs Republican Party - Essay Example Even though the issues affecting Americans have been recognized by the leadership of the two parties, it is the way to tackle such issues that has created two distinct categories of leadership styles all these years. This paper will closely examine the two parties’ policy approaches in the history of American democracy and find out the major differences that the said parties exhibit through the leaders they have often elected. The paper will try to establish if the two parties have influenced the way a democratic or a republican party elected presidential candidate is bound to approach the implementation of certain issues of public interest or even act on matters that face the country during their reign. There are quite a few of ideological differences based on the Republicans’ and the Democrats’ policies. Such differences were recently cited to have polarized the nation in the recently concluded elections in the United States that saw president Obama clinch a second term in office. To begin, the democrats have in a way tried to create a favorable environment for economic expansion, expanding individual opportunity and assisting the poor so that it has reduced the gap between the rich, the middle income earners, and the poor. The Republicans, however, believe that by the government creating a conducive environment or benefits, so to speak, only help in creating ‘a nation of takers’ (Harwood, 2013). This brings out the Republicans as those interested in making the richer become richer while the middle class and lower class citizens continue to find their path to economic empowerment. If this fact is anything to go by, then this might explain the incumbent pr esidents â€Å"coalition† that made his re-election possible. It is mostly the low income earners and the youth who formed a formidable force that propelled the presidents’ efforts for a second term in the White House. Steinhauer (2013) further elaborates this and states that due to subsequent victories by the Democrats for the presidential race that has been largely sparked by the voting pattern influenced by the rich Hispanic votes in favor of the Democrats, the Republicans have attempted to formulate a plan. For instance, they were pushing immigrants to immigrate to the U.S. or reside permanently if their stay was illegal. The Democrats, on the other hand, have discouraged immigration due to pressure on the existing resources. This push might be unrealistic but is a good indicator of the approaches the Republican Party has taken in reaction for the response such voters have always given to their initial policy stance (Fried, 2008). They have been known to push for s trict measures like deportation and use of electric fences and even use of excessive force to prevent illegal immigrants from entering the country. The economy has been a major battle front for the two parties. It is evident that the two parties have approached spending, for instance, in a different way. Many have cited that the Democrats have often struggled to repair a broken economy inherited from their Republican counterparts who have promoted massive spending, especially on the military. While the Democrats believe that America should be a self-sustaining model of financial spending by the federal government, the Republican version of self-sustenance has been to enormously spend on the military so that

Jet Blue Airways Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Jet Blue Airways - Essay Example The company’s shares performed well since the IPO due to JetBlue’s perceived successful business model and its strong financials results (JetBlue). Jet Blue has been a reputable company in the airline sector within USA since its launch in year 1998 due to being a low cost airline company; the company achieved low operating costs while offering customers a pleasant flying experience. Jet Blue has not only survived but also performed well during difficult industry period i.e. 2000-2003, this period can be deemed as a recession period for the airline sector due to the September 11, 2001 bombings. Jet Blue prepared a different response to these recessionary times in the airline industry to achieve its positive result (Rovenpor & Michel 2009) The company flew new airplanes and its flying experience included reliable on-time performance, comfortable and roomy leather seats, free 24-channel satellite TV service through TV screens installed in the back of each seat, pre-assigned seating, and friendly service by crew members. JetBlue generally chose to fly between densely populated cities and chose airports that were undeserved by existing airline carriers. The company’s markets tended to be large metropolitan areas with high average fares. Once it entered a new market, JetBlue’s comparatively low airfares stimulated new demand from passengers who may otherwise not have flown and often resulted in JetBlue capturing market share from the incumbent carrier (JetBlue, Newsweek 2001 & Rovenpor & Michel 2009) JetBlue aims on providing the customers the best possible service at a low cost. These services include point to point route to save the time of the consumers and a high quality consumer service. This high quality consumer service is maintained by their employees who are recruited only after passing tough tests. JetBlue makes sure that their service does not get affected even if they

World of Global and Knowledge Economies Literature review

World of Global and Knowledge Economies - Literature review Example As the report declares the classical perspective is also more relevant to the current knowledge based economy that the improvement in the performance of the employees and resultantly that of the organization depends upon how knowledgeable the employees are. This is also relevant because knowledge based economy concepts advocate that in order to reduce the impact of diminishing returns on the capital, it is important that new ways of doing things are created. Classical perspectives therefore is relevant in the sense allow knowledge based economies to gain access to the more qualified and high performing employees. According to the paper findings organic perspective is critical in the sense that it advocates the formation of networks and hubs where people work in an informal manner. Knowledge based economies are also based upon the informal networking of the individuals through digitization which has been made possible with the help of globalization. What is also critical to note that organic perspective directly asserts the impression that the knowledge workers need not be concentrated in one place? Thus the current derive in digitization and globalization actually allowed the organizations to harness the power of the competencies of their employees while transcending the traditional borders. Organic perspective is significantly more critical due to the fact that it focuses on the understanding the needs of the employees and allow the emergence of concepts like group leadership.